African Diplomacy Observer

Books on DiplomacyNovember 10, 2007 10:54 am

"The UN Experience deals with some of the many issues, affecting Africa, which came before the United Nations in the immediate, post-independence period. Of major importance were the establishment of the Economic Commission for Africa, and the revocation of the Mandate which conferred on South Africa responsibility for the administration of the Trusteeship Territory of South West Africa. The book also deals with some policy issues not strictly within the ambit of the United Nations, but which were of special international significance, such as the interminable controversy regarding Chinese representation in the United Nations (1950-1967), the Commonwealth initiative to end the conflict in Vietnam, and the complexities of multilateral diplomacy. The final chapter "Reflections on Some Contemporary Issues" discusses current issues of topical interest, including the effect of the Cold War on diplomatic practice, globalization, economic development, foreign aid, peacekeeping, and the failure of party politics in Africa. While the episodes dealt with in the book are not all in strict chronological order, they have been arranged to enable the flow of the narrative without departing unduly from the general chronology of the events."

Frederick S. Arkhurst. African Diplomacy: The UN Experience. Authorhouse, November 2006.

Book synopsis provided by the book shop.

Books on DiplomacyOctober 1, 2007 12:39 pm
Global, as well as national and even regional, diplomatic activities are increasingly diversifying both in their forms and in the issues on their agenda. In the same vein, actors involved in diplomatic or diplomatic-like activities are diversifying. These realities have to be taken into consideration by all stakeholders involved in that activity, be they practitioners, from academia, civil society, private sector, etc.
 
Over the recent years, we have witnessed the increasing involvement of celebrities, personalities, stars or "people" from arts, music, cinema, sports, etc. in advocating and campaigning against violations of human rights (actor George Clooney, joined by his fellow actors Brad Pitt, Matt Damon and Don Cheadle, in his campaign on Darfur massacres), against poverty or for aid to developing world (Bob Geldof and Bono involvement in the organization in 2006 of the Live8 series of concerts to push to G8 leaders’ summit on AIDS and debt relief), or against the use of landmines (Lady Diana). Equally, these celebrities have become partners for international organizations or NGOs acting in the humanitarian or relief field as Goodwill Ambassadors, with the UNICEF, Ambassadors against hunger (actress Drew Barimore, singer Cesaria Evora, soccer player Ronaldinho, etc:), Celebrity Partners (actor Sean Connery, actress Penelope Cruz, etc.) with the World Food Programme (WFP).
 
This book, by Andrew F. Cooper, Associate Director of the Centre for International Governance Innovation and Professor of Political Science at the University of Waterloo, examines "celebrity diplomacy as a serious global project with important implications, both positive and negative". The author approaches celebrities as persons bringing "optimism and ‘buzz’ to issues that seem deep and gloomy" and who, when they speak, "other actors in the global system  listen".
Books on DiplomacyMay 20, 2007 2:22 pm

Throughout ages, diplomacy has become a increasingly complex and multifaceted activity, calling new, and event past generations of diplomats still acting in this field, to adapt their skills and knowledge to its different dimensions in order to fulfill with more efficiency and effectiveness the wide range of activities attached to it and meet the numereous challenges national diplomatic systems are facing dealing with their domestic affairs and with their international relations.

"Les Mots de la diplomatie", a book by Raoul Decorde, a twenty-year-experienced belgian diplomat, through around hundred entries and words, examines different facets of the diplomatic activity; in doing so, it comes back to classic and contemporary words and concepts of diplomacy such as ambassador, military attaché, archives, capital, megaphon diplomacy, economic diplomacy, ping pong diplomacy, public diplomacy, diplomatic incident, etc. It also comes back to famous figures who influenced the history of diplomacy such as the Marco Polo, Talleyrand, Wallenberg, Henry Kissinger, etc.

Though not very innovative in its content, this book will be informative and useful to those willing an overview of the diplomatic history and practice.

For additional information relating to the terminology used in diplomacy and international relations go to the Diplomatic Dictionary created and managed by DiploFoundation.

Books on DiplomacyOctober 18, 2006 6:26 pm

Africa in this 21st century is confronted with a multitude of challenges (economic, political, social, cultural, industrial, technological, etc.). Among these challenges come first and without exclusive: reduction of extreme poverty, and underdevelopment, fight against its marginalisation on the international arena, strengthening democracy, rule of law, governance and respect of human rights.


African States are evolving in a context where foreign affairs and world politics evolutions are at the center of any political action, as the planet forms an interconnected entity whose evolutions somewhere can affect another society in its core. Moreover, the nature primarily external of the means likely to contribute to poverty reduction in Africa or efficiently address its challenges, makes the diplomatic deployment of African states a central and vital instrument and an element at stake. For a long time, African states diplomatic apparatuses, that represent nations advanced post abroad, were perceived like bodies where pageantry and appearance took precedence over the essence of their action and the content of foreign policy objectives clearly defined.


The world is permanently changing and consequently doesn’t put up anymore with any political wisdom indigence and even less with diplomatic know-how indigence. Regarding that situation, it is time to define, conceive and approach diplomacy in Africa like a technical and practical tool committed to meeting African states fundamental challenges in the current world; it is time to put diplomatic tools at the service of economic and social progress, by regarding each sector of the development as one of its sphere of activities. The achievement of this objective implies the reinforcement of their operational capacities: capacities of information, communication, coordination, negotiation, analysis, action and forecast. To enable African states mobilizing opportunities offered at the international level and more particularly take advantage of international co-operation opportunities to address their challenges, their diplomatic apparatuses must acquire modern and efficient information and communication capacities. This is what constitutes the core of this book on the challenges and opportunities offered by the Information revolution for the revival of the diplomatic activity in Africa.


This book (in French) follows three stages:


After a brief returned and analysis of the transformations (in particular those induced by the phenomenon of globalisation) which underwent the international scene, more particularly foreign policies and particularly those of African states (Chapter 1). This part also examines a fertile topic in the post-modern international relations: the development co-operation. In that respect, various evolutions (concepts and practices) of development co-operation are re-examined (Chapter 2).


Reconsidering two main phenomena structuring the current international scene: globalisation and the information revolution, the second part operationalizes African diplomatic apparatus deployment in that context. This part studies the constraints (changes on the levels of the international actors and emergences of new stakes) induced by the phenomenon of globalisation on the diplomatic deployment of African States and more particularly some challenges (development, fight against poverty, regional integration, fight against transnational organized crime and illicit trade of small arms and light weapons) whose resolution poses an urgent imperative in the African context (Chapter 3). Finally, after studying general features and potentialities of the information revolution, the book, relying on interviews with some African foreign affairs officers, observations and documents analysis, and although only twenty national diplomatic systems has been covered, gives an insightful overview of the appropriation (Chapter 4) (level of computerization, deployment of intranet, etc.) and use of IT by African diplomatic apparatuses (mainly within headquarters). In this respect, a global survey extended to all African national diplomatic systems, could be useful and insightful in the framework of this problematique.


In the last part, the book suggests a new diplomacy model based on the use of IT; it is about designing a model of “E-Diplomacy” within African national diplomatic systems. The design of this model based on the use of IT analyses organizational and functional challenges for national diplomatic systems and to their activities. It also reviews and analyses possible obstacles (technical, financial, political and administrative) to the implementation of this model and subsequent consequences for African countries diplomatic deployment in the international diplomatic arena (Chapter 5). To finish, it draws out new prospects (Chapter 6) the use of IT could offer the Africa diplomatic activities within the framework of sub-regional, regional and international relations (strengthening collective diplomatic action – multilateral diplomacy -, sub-regional or regional crisis management and helping in the implementation and reinforcing the efficiency of sub-regional early warning systems).


The book is not an apology of an almighty technology mythology, driving social and economic change, which accompanies each technological evolution. The appropriation of IT could not constitute an end in itself. To borrow a sentence from the United Nations Secretary general, Kofi Annan, in his speech at the opening ceremony of the World Summit on the Information Society, in Geneva (Switzerland) in December 2003, “Information and Communication Technologies are not a panacea, nor a magic formula” for an effective and efficient Diplomacy, particularly as far as African states are concerned. Other parameters intervene in the reinforcement of the effectiveness and efficiency of diplomatic tools. To illustrate this fact, the following sentence quoted by Marcel Merle is insightful: “in a kingdom over taxed, filled of dissatisfied people, whose finances are exhausted, where the military discipline is neglected, where intrigues choke emulation by rewarding useless and even pernicious talents, what could make a Foreign Affairs Minister, whatever his talent?”

Books on DiplomacyOctober 11, 2006 4:20 pm

L’Afrique en ce début du XXIème siècle se trouve confronté à une multitude de défis d’ordre aussi bien économique, politique, social, culturel, industriel que technologique. Parmi ces défis figurent en premières places et sans exclusive : la lutte contre la pauvreté et le sous-développement, la lutte contre la marginalisation de la scène internationale, l’instauration d’Etats au sein desquels priment les principes de démocratie, de gouvernance, de transparence, de respect du droit en général et des principes élémentaires de la dignité humaine.

L’Afrique se trouve dans un contexte où les affaires étrangères figurent au centre de toute action politique, puisque la planète forme un ensemble vivant dont l’évolution a des effets au cœur même de nos sociétés. De plus, la nature essentiellement extérieure des moyens susceptibles de contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté des populations africaines fait du déploiement diplomatique de leurs Etats un enjeu central et vital. Pendant longtemps, les appareils diplomatiques des Etats africains, qui se trouve être les postes avancés de leurs nations, l’avant-garde et le bras du pays tourné sur l’extérieur, ont été perçus comme des organes où l’apparat et l’apparence primait sur l’essentiel et le fond. Face à ce constat, il est temps que la diplomatie en Afrique soit définie comme un dispositif technique et pratique au service du développement et des attentes fondamentales des populations africaines ; il est temps qu’elle soit mise au service du progrès économique et social, en considérant chacun des secteurs du développement comme un de ses champs d’action.

La réalisation de cet objectif implique le renforcement de leurs capacités opérationnelles : capacités d’information, de communication, de coordination, de négociation, d’analyse, d’action et de prévision. Pour permettre aux Etats africains de mobiliser les atouts et opportunités qu’offre le contexte international et plus particulièrement la coopération internationale et de surmonter leurs handicaps, leurs appareils diplomatiques doivent se doter de capacités d’information et de communication modernes et efficaces. C’est là tout l’enjeu de cette réflexion sur les défis de la révolution technologique actuelle pour le renouveau de la diplomatie en Afrique.


Le propos de cette réflexion emprunte une trajectoire divisée en trois parties :

Après avoir dans une première partie rendu compte et analysé les transformations (notamment celles induites par le phénomène de mondialisation) qu’a subies la scène internationale et plus particulièrement la politique étrangère en générale et singulièrement celle des pays africains, l’ouvrage se penche sur un thème fécond dans les relations internationales post-modernes, celui de la problématique de la coopération au développement dont les différents itinéraires seront revus.

Revenant sur deux principaux phénomènes structurant la scène internationale : la mondialisation et la révolution technologique, cette partie opérationnalise l’action de la diplomatie en Afrique dans ce contexte. Il s’agit concrètement d’étudier les contraintes (mutations aux niveaux des acteurs internationaux et émergences d’enjeux nouveaux) qu’induit le phénomène de mondialisation sur le déploiement diplomatique des Etats africains et plus particulièrement quelques défis (développement, lutte contre la pauvreté, intégration, lutte contre la criminalité transnationale organisée et contre le commerce illicite des armes légères sous toute ses formes) dont la résolution est rendue urgente par le contexte. Enfin, après avoir étudié les aspects généraux et les potentialités de la révolution technologique, l’ouvrage fait un état des lieux de l’appropriation et de l’utilisation des TIC par une vingtaine d’appareils diplomatiques africains.

Dans sa dernière articulation, l’ouvrage suggère une nouvelle diplomatie basée sur l’utilisation des TIC ; il s’agit de la mise en œuvre d’un modèle de « e-Diplomatie ». La construction de ce modèle analyse les enjeux pour le fonctionnement et l’organisation des systèmes diplomatiques africains que sous-tend l’association des TIC aux activités diplomatiques. Elle passe également en revue les entraves à la réalisation de cette association. Pour finir, elle trace les nouvelles perspectives que pourraient offrir les TIC pour la diplomatie en Afrique (action diplomatique collective et gestion des crises).